京杭运河徐州市区段水质现状评价及污染变化趋势分析

京杭运河徐州市区段是南水北调东线工程的重要输水通道，为了解其水质状况。利用2004年度例行监测数据对该段水质进行评价，结果为轻度污染，近五年水质变化呈逐年好转趋势。这表明该段污染治理已取得一定成效，水质得到改善，为南水北调工程实施奠定了基础。     

北京北运河河流生态系统健康评价

随着城市化的不断推进,北京河流生态系统面临着巨大挑战.以北京市北运河水系为例,于2015年7月对25个样点进行了野外调查,采集了浮游植物、底栖动物、水环境因子和栖息地环境质量数据.选取涵盖水生生物、水文、水质和栖息地的22个候选评价指标,采用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和相关分析进行筛选,并用熵权法确定各评价指标权重,构建了北运河河流生态系统健康评价指标体系,通过河流生态健康综合指数对其健康状况进行了评价.结果表明,北运河河流生态系统健康评价指标体系包含浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、水温、生化需氧量、氨氮、氟化物、锌、石油类和栖息地环境质量评价指标(qualitative habitat evaluation index,QHEI)9项指标;全流域25个样点中,有12%为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级,36%为Ⅲ级,超过50%为Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级.北运河河流生态系统的健康状况总体较差,其中,上游地区普遍较好,中下游地区相对较差,且呈现出较强的空间异质性.南沙河、清河中游、通惠河干流的健康状况普遍较差,相对较好的凉水河上游地区和温榆河支流交错镶嵌其中,形成了北运河水系复杂的河流生态系统现状.     

太滆运河表层沉积物中的酞酸酯类增塑剂和溴系、有机磷系阻燃剂残留特征初探

分别采用微波萃取-气相色谱/质谱法、加速溶剂萃取提取-液相色谱/质谱法对采自太滆运河5个沉积物样品中的6种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)、13种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和9种有机磷酸酯(OPEs)的质量比及分布进行研究。结果表明,所有样品中均检测到PAEs、PBDEs和OPEs(以总量计),其总质量比分别为1.99~6.90μg/g,47~572和17.1~69.7 ng/g;十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)和磷酸三异辛酯(TEHP)分别是质量比最高的PBDEs和OPEs;对于PAEs,入太湖点位处邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)质量比较高,其余点位则是邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)质量比较高;ω(PAEs)、ω(PBDEs)和ω(OPEs)两两间线性相关性较好,指示其来源相同;下游沉积物中污染物的质量比均高于上游,沿岸生产、生活中增塑剂和阻燃剂对太湖的污染应引起更多关注。     

北运河浮游细菌集合群落空间变化的环境解释

环境选择在精细地理尺度河流浮游细菌多样性构建机制中的贡献已得到普遍认同.为回答浮游细菌集合群落中核心分类操作单元（Core Operational Taxonomic Units,Core OTUs）和特有分类操作单元（Unique Operational Taxonomic Units,Unique OTUs）是否具有相同的环境选择模式这一关键科学问题,本研究以高度人工化的北运河京津冀段为研究区域,尝试结合水质监测结果和高通量测序结果分别对核心OTUs局域群落和特有OTUs局域群落的空间变异进行环境解释.结果表明：北运河京津冀段水环境污染主要表现为再生水补给导致的无机氮和钙、镁盐分离子污染及再生水补给口物理扰动导致的有机污染两大类.浮游细菌集合群落中的核心OTUs局域群落结构的相似性明显高于特有OTUs局域群落结构,且二者空间变化规律及其环境驱动模式存在较大差异.核心OTUs局域群落空间分布规律与区域尺度地理空间分布模式具有较高一致性;与其空间变化相关程度最高的环境因子是TN、硝酸盐氮（NO₃^--N）、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺.氮和盐分离子随水流方向呈现显著下降趋势,与地理扩散距离表现出较强的协同变化规律.特有OTUs局域群落不具有显著的地理空间分布模式;与其空间分布有关的环境因子是温度（T）、氧化还原电位（ORP）和pH值;再生水补给口物理扰动对水文水质的间接影响.     

镇江市古运河河岸沉积物重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价

对镇江市古运河河岸7个表层沉积物中重金属As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr含量进行测定,并通过富集系数、地累积指数法、潜在生态风险评价以及主成分分析等对沉积物重金属的分布特征进行综合分析与评价.结果表明:(1)古运河河岸带沉积物Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb和Cd元素的含量平均值分别为45.07、41.70、254.06、19.67、45.88、0.75 mg·kg-1,p H平均值为7.98.对比《国家土壤环境质量标准》可知,沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、As属于超一级标准,而Cd属于超二级标准.(2)6种重金属的富集系数表现为:AsCdPbZnCuCr,且综合富集系数在空间上表现为:G2G5G1G4G3G7G6;(3)古运河河岸表层沉积物地累积指数表现为AsCdPbCuZnCr,6种重金属中As富集量最大,Cr的富集量最小.(4)单项潜在生态危害系数结果表明,Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb均为轻微生态危害程度,As和Cd处于中等生态危害程度.从RI值判断,古运河河岸沉积物总体处于轻微生态危害.(5)相关性和主成分分析结果表明,Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd是决定第一主成分的4个主要因子,且Cu与Pb、Cd以及Pb与Cd元素具有相同的污染源.As、Zn在第二主成分中具有较高的载荷值,且As与Zn之间的相关性较弱,表明这两种重金属并非来自同一污染源.     

Assessment of heavy metals among suspended particulates and dissolved phases in Suez Canal water

The concentrations and distribution of particulate and dissolved heavy metals, viz: Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe and Mn have been determined seasonally during 2003 in water samples collected from the Suez Canal. The presented data clarifies that the metals exhibited clear differences in their distribution between particulate and dissolved forms. The concentrations of particulate metals viz: Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe and Mn were high as compared to the dissolved form. Dissolved copper showed the highest percentage of total copper rather than particulate. The particulate forms of Pb, Cd, Fe and Mn had always-higher concentrations than the dissolved forms during the course of study except at summer season. The northern part of the Suez Canal at Port Said showed mean concentrations of particulate and dissolved Cu = 1.43 and 2.10, Zn = 8.61 and 3.17, Pb = 1.72 and 1.23, Cd = 0.35 and 0.35, Fe = 23.49 and 15.83 and Mn = 2.09 and 1.82 μg/L. These high concentrations may be attributed to the high activities, particularly, loading and unloading operations at Port Said harbour, industrial effluents and domestic drainage of Port Said city. On the other hand, Sinai side could be considered as reference site, as it is almost clean without harmful outfalls, where Cu = 0.16 and 0.56, Zn = 2.14 and 0.94, Pb = 6.29 and 3.44, Cd = 0.055 and 0.088, Fe = 6.29 and 3.44 and Mn = 0.56 and 0.26 μg/L for particulate and dissolved metals respectively.     

苏州段京杭运河氨氮水环境容量分配研究

在排污权交易迅速发展的背景下,文章探讨了苏州高新区大运河段氨氮环境容量合理分配方法.在确定分配原则、识别影响氨氮容量分配的主要因素的基础上,构建了容量分配的指标体系,并通过改进的AHP法确定、各因素权重,运用该体系确定各企业分配比例,最后通过优化方法获得出京杭运河水环境容量最佳分配方案.该方案较为全面合理地反映了公平、...     

声学环境影响评价——大剧院设计声学案例分析

大剧院观众厅是音乐家最后的乐器,音乐效果是由观众厅声学反应出来的。前面演奏者要把声音传播给观众席,再从观众席后排反声回给演奏者,这样的互动是最完美的剧院设计。     

Perfluorinated compounds in Haihe River and Dagu Drainage Canal in Tianjin, China

In this study, nine perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were investigated in water and sediment of Haihe River (HR) and Dagu Drainage Canal (DDC), Tianjin, China. The total PFCs in water samples from DDC (40-174 ng L⁻¹) was much greater than those from HR (12-74 ng L⁻¹). PFC contamination was severe at lower reaches of HR due to industry activities, while high PFCs were found in the middle of DDC due to the effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the predominant PFCs in aqueous phase. The total PFCs in sediments from DDC (1.6-7.7 ng g⁻¹ dry weight) were lower as compared to HR (7.1-16 ng g⁻¹), maybe due to the dredging of sediment in DDC conducted recently. PFOS was the major PFC in HR sediments followed by PFOA; while PFHxA was the major PFC in DDC sediments. Organic carbon calibrated sediment-water distribution coefficients (K_OC) were calculated for HR. The Log K_OC ranged from 3.3 to 4.4 for C7-C11 perfluorinated carboxylic acids, increasing by 0.1-0.6 log units with each additional CF₂ moiety. The log K_OC for 8:2 fluorotelomer unsaturated acid was reported for the first time with a mean value of 4.0. The log Koc of PFOS was higher than perfluoronanoic acid by 0.8 log units.